J15 Kharādiyā Jātaka

《不受训诫的鹿》

本生经15：诃罗第雅鹿本生
一只不愿受教生存之术的鹿，被困在陷阱中。

绘图/ 林季璟、袁美真
设计/ 王宗使
英复述/ 林季璟
中译/ 孙慧玲
审稿/ 陈语

The Disobedient Deer

Jātaka 15: Kharādiyā Jātaka
A deer which would not come to be taught the tricks of deer, is caught in a trap.

Readability level: Beginner
Illustrated by Lim Chee Chin, Yan Mee Chen
Designed by Ong Chong Sai
Retold by Lim Chee Chin
Proofread by Shernyn Tay, Chan Zhi Hong


有一次，佛陀在祇陀林的时候，讲述了一个不受忠告和训诫的比丘的故事。
It was once at Jetavana that the Buddha told this story about a disobedient bhikkhu who would not listen to advice.

佛陀问比丘：“听说你不受训诫，也不听取劝告，这是事实吗？”
“Is it true that you are disobedient and will not listen to advice?” asked the Buddha.

比丘回答说：“世尊，是的，这是事实。”
“It is true, Blessed One.” answered the disobedient bhikkhu.

佛陀说：“在过去世，你也是像现在一样不受教，和不听智者的指示。
“In the past, you were also disobedient and would not follow the instructions from the wise ones.

最后，你落入陷阱中，被猎人杀死。”
So, you were caught in a trap and was killed by a hunter.” said the Buddha.

于是，佛陀就告诉这位比丘关于他过去之事。
The Buddha then told the story of the past.

——————————

从前在波罗奈城（Bārāṇasī），当时菩萨投生为鹿住在森林中，作为鹿群的首领。
Once upon a time in Bārāṇasī, the Bodhisatta was born as a deer and lived in the forest as the leader of a herd of deer.

一天，他的妹妹诃罗第雅，带着她的儿子来。
One day, his sister, Kharādiyā, brought her son to him.

“兄啊！这是您的甥儿。请您传授他智慧，和身为鹿的逃生本领*1吧。”
“Brother, this is your nephew. Please teach him the wisdom of being a deer, the tricks of survival[1],” said Kharādiyā.

菩萨应允了。于是，她把儿子交给菩萨照顾。
The Bodhisatta agreed and so, she placed her son under the Bodhisatta’s care.

鹿王对甥儿说：“你按照我说的时间到我这儿来，我会教你课程。”
The Bodhisatta said to his nephew, “Come to me at the time I set and I will give you lessons.”

“嗯…”
“Ermm…”

然而，甥儿并没有按照吩咐的时间来。
However, the nephew did not come at the agreed time.

鹿王想：“甥儿怎么没来？”
Why didn’t my nephew come?wondered the Bodhisatta.

“我们去玩吧！” 甥儿的一个朋友对他说， “好哇……” 小鹿欢呼起来。
“Let’s go and play”, said his friend to the nephew deer. “Hurray…” the nephew deer cheered.

接下来的七天，他逃了七堂课，没有学习鹿的生存技能。
For the next seven days, he skipped his seven lessons and failed to learn the survival tricks of a deer.

鹿王又心想：“为何甥儿还没来？”
Why didn’t my nephew come again?thought the Bodhisatta again.

有一天，这不受教的鹿在外游荡，终于落入了陷阱。“救命! 救命！救命啊！”他大叫。
One day, as the disobedient deer was wandering about, he was caught in a trap. “Help! Help! Help!” he cried.

他母亲来到菩萨面前，问道：“兄啊！您甥儿没有学习鹿的生存之术吗？”
His mother came to the Bodhisatta and said, “Brother, didn’t your nephew learn the survival skills of a deer?”

“不要再想你那不可授教的孩子了，他没学到鹿的自救术。” 菩萨回答道。
“Don’t even think about your disobedient son. He has failed to learn the survival tricks of a deer.” The Bodhisatta replied.

如今在他将要被杀了，再教他也来不及了。菩萨接着说：

 

“诃罗第雅啊！

身为鹿，具有跑得快的四偶蹄，

和数不清尖利刺的，树叉一样的鹿角，

他荒废了七次拯救自己的机会，

一个不堪训诫之徒，如何得到传授？”

Now that he was about to be killed, it was too late to teach him. The Bodhisatta then continued,

“Kharādiyā!

For when a deer has twice four hooves to run,

And branching antlers armed with countless sharp points,

He had wasted seven opportunities to save himself,

How could one who is unteachable get admonishment?”

猎人将落在陷阱中不受训诫的鹿杀死了，取肉而去。
The hunter killed the disobedient deer caught in his trap and then he left, taking its meat with him.

——————————  

接着，佛陀说道：“并非现在，比丘，在过去世你也是如此不听教诲。”
Then the Buddha said：“Not only now, bhikkhu, but in the past too, you were disobedient.”

佛陀开示此佛法后，连接贯穿了过去世与现在世：“在那个时候，鹿王的甥儿是这不听训诫的比丘，鹿王的妹妹是莲华色比丘尼，而施教的鹿王正是我。”
The Dhamma lesson ended and the Teacher connected the previous birth with the present as follows: “At that time, this disobedient bhikkhu was the nephew of the leader of the deer, Uppalavaṇṇā was the deer sister of the leader of the deer, and I myself was the leader of the deer who gave the admonition.”

——————————

词汇表 Glossary

阿罗汉（Arahat）：值得尊敬的人（堪受诸人与天人尊敬供养）；他的心已没有种种污秽（lobha 贪, dosa 嗔, moha 痴之烦恼）；断除了一切欲望的束缚；因而在那一生之后，不会再有下一世的投生（解脱生死不受后有）。
Arahat: an Arahat is a worthy one, whose mind is free from all defilements [greed (lobha), hatred (dosa), delusion (moha)], who is free from the bonds of desire, thus not destined for any further rebirth, after that very life.

比丘（Bhikkhu）：佛教僧人，依法（经、论）和律而活的出家人。
Bhikkhu: a Buddhist monk; who ordains and lives according to Dhamma (Sutta, Abhidhamma) and Vinaya.

菩萨（Bodhisatta）：已被过去佛授记的未来佛。
Bodhisatta: is the Buddha-to-be, prophesized by another Buddha.

莲花色比丘尼（Uppalavaṇṇā）：著名的比丘尼（佛教尼师）；佛陀两位上首女弟子之一。她非常美丽，曾受到整个印度的名门贵族、富豪及王子们的求婚，但她的父亲建议她出家，她欣然同意。 一天，当她在祇陀林（Jetavana）的诵戒堂扫地时，专注于一盏灯火，从火遍修习到禅那（jhāna），并证得阿罗汉（arahat）。在众多比丘尼中，她神通第一。
Uppalavaṇṇā: an eminent bhikkhunī (a buddhist nun); one of the two chief female disciples of the Buddha. She was extremely beautiful and had been sought by all the worthy families, rich men and Princes of the whole of the Jambudīpa, but her father suggested that she ordain, and she readily agreed. One day, while she was sweeping the Ordination Hall in Jetavana, she concentrated on the flame of a lamp as a fire-kasina, attained jhāna, and became an arahat. She was foremost among bhikkhunīs in extraordinary powers.

 
——————————

教育指南

一些引导学生省思的问题：

1. 听完这个故事，你有什么看法？（分享你的感受或意见）

2. 你从这个故事中学到了什么？

3. 从他的过去世到今生，不愿受教的鹿所表现出业的模式*是什么？

*业的模式：一个人的思维、说话和行为方式，以及他们如何对世间及其周围关系的反应方式。这种模式可以跟随你不同的生命期，除非你决定从中学习并改善自己。

课程提示：

鹿王基于慈爱，接受学生并安排授课，然而小鹿逃课不学习，最终因缺乏逃生技能而遇害。鹿王始终能保持舍心。

众生要及时醒觉，不要等到梦醒时无路可走。

如果一个人能遇到具智慧、慈悲之导师的授教，又懂得珍惜是非常重要的。这“懂”，意涵着多少智慧与美德？

遇到佛陀、正法和僧团住世，遇到善知识、善友，这是一个殊胜的机缘。这样的善缘得以引导人们看见自己一直以来的恶习，并改正不再重犯。如果今生我们有机缘遇到这样的指引，告诉我们过去和现在的坏习惯。我会珍惜机会、感激和改正吗？

Teacher’s Guide

Some questions to guide the students for reflection:

1. What is your opinion after listening to this story? (share your feeling or opinion)

2. What have you learned from this story?

3. What is the kammic pattern* shown by the disobedient deer, from past to present life?

* kammic pattern: a person’s way of thinking, speaking and action, and how they react in relation to the world and relationships around them. This pattern can follow you to different life times, unless you decide to learn from them and better yourself.

Lesson:

Out of loving-kindness, the deer king accepted the student and arranged for lessons. However, little deer skipped the classes and did not learn, and was eventually killed due to lacking in survival skills. The deer king could always maintain equanimity (letting go).

All beings must awaken in time, and don’t wait until there’s no way to go after waking up from the long dream of ignorance.

It is very valuable for one to get admonitions from a wise teacher and know how to cherish the teachings. This ‘knowing’ encompasses boundless wisdom and virtue.

It is a unique opportunity to meet the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha, as well as having good guidance and friends. It leads one to discover his or her bad habits in the past and rectify them without repeating them. If we encounter good guidance in this life and realise our current bad habits and those in the past, would we be grateful of the discoveries and rectify them?

——————————

省思 Reflection

智者在因上下功夫，老老实实，

愚者在恶报成熟时，方悔且惧。

未面临真正苦相之前，愚者很容易迷失在欲乐和错误知见之中。就算眼前有最好、最有经验的导师（鹿王），愚者也不会主动甚至迫切地想学习。

当准备好要向老师学习时，却失去了学习的因缘（小鹿命都没了）。常言道，“未雨绸缪”…如果未见下雨，我们会事先准备好雨伞吗？

The wise sincerely works on the causes,

but the fools regret and fear upon the bad results.

When sufferings have not arisen, many beings indulge in sensual pleasures and are easily misled by perceptions. Even if the best and most experienced teacher (the deer king) is right in front of us, we do not take the initiative nor are we keen to learn.

When we are ready to learn, the opportunity to learn from the teacher is missed (the deer has lost its life). It is often said, "prepare for rainy days"... If there is no rain, would we want to prepare an umbrella in advance?

——————————
[1]六招装死，蒙骗敌人的逃生技能。Six survival tricks to play dead to deceive his enemy.