J3 Serivāṇija Jātaka
《金碗与疯愿》
本生经3：贪欲商人本生
绘图/ 姚善见
设计/ 王宗使
复述/ 姚善见
复述/ 姚善见
审稿/ 陈语
The Gold Bowl and the Mad Wish
Jātaka 3: Serivāṇija Jātaka
Readability level: Intermediate I
阿嫲说：”我们这么贫穷，用什么来交换珠宝呢？”
The grandmother said, “We are so poor. What can we use to exchange for jewelry?”
孙女说道：”阿嫲，我们有一个旧茶碗一直放着没用，就把这个给他，看能换个什么好东西吧！”
The girl said, “Here grandmother, we have an old bowl that we never use. Let us offer it to the merchant in exchange for something nice.”
于是，阿嫲请商人进入屋里，把那茶碗给他看，并说道：“先生，请用这碗给我的孙女换点好的东西吧！”
So, the old woman asked the merchant to come into the house and said to him, “Sir, take this bowl, and please give my granddaughter something nice for it.”
商人拿起茶碗，用针在碗底刮了一下，发现它是纯金打造的。
The merchant took the bowl, made a tiny scratch on it and saw that it was real gold.
商人心里想：“她们不识货，不知道这碗是金制的，干脆欺骗她们。”
“先生！刚才那位商人把碗扔在地上，说它一文不值。现在你说这是金做的，一定是你的善心使它变成了金碗。这碗你就拿去吧，送我们一点东西就可以了。”
“Please sir, the first merchant threw our bowl on the ground and said it was worthless. The bowl must have turned into gold because of your good heart. Take the bowl and give us something.”
于是，菩萨把他身上所有的物品都给了阿嫲，只留了他的秤、袋子和八个金币。
So, the Bodhisatta gave the grandmother everything he had, only keeping his scales, his bag and eight pieces of gold for himself.
然后他便匆匆离开。他跑到河边，给了船夫八个金币便登上船离去。
Then, he left in a hurry. He ran to the riverside, gave the boatman eight pieces of gold and got into a boat.
与此同时，那个贪婪的商人折回到贫穷祖孙的家里，说愿意以一些东西来换取那个茶碗。阿嫲责备他道：
Meanwhile, back at the poor family’s house, the first greedy merchant had come back to ask for the bowl, saying he would give them something. The grandmother shouted at him,
“你说我们的碗一点也不值钱，你不会用任何东西换它。但来了一位诚实的商人，给了我们一千金换走了茶碗！”
故事说完，正等正觉的佛陀，念出以下的偈颂：
At the end of the story, the Buddha, the All-Knowing One, said:
“若在此世，你放弃追随寂静涅槃乐的修行，您将失去丰厚的奖赏，犹如贪婪的商人般承受长久的痛苦。”
菩萨（Bodhisatta） : 已被过去佛授记的未来佛。
Bodhisatta: is the Buddha-to-be, prophesized by another Buddha.
提婆达多（Devadatta）：佛陀的表亲之一。他与其他释迦族王子一起出家为比丘。他与佛陀竞争，几次试图杀害佛陀，还分裂僧团。最终，他被大地吞没，堕入地狱。提婆达多对菩萨产生强烈仇恨的起源记载于本生经第三个故事里。佛陀授记（预言）提婆达多未来将成为辟支佛。
Devadatta: One of the Buddha’s cousins. He became a bhikkhu along with the other Sakyan princes. He competed with the Buddha, and tried to kill Him several times. He also created a schism in the Sangha. Finally, he was swallowed by the earth and fell into hell. The origin of the implacable enmity which Devadatta felt toward the Bodhisatta is related in Jātaka 3. The Buddha prophesized (predicted) that, in the distant future, Devadatta will become a Pacceka Buddha.
四圣谛：苦圣谛、苦集圣谛、苦灭圣谛、灭苦之道圣谛。
Four Noble Truths: The Noble Truth of suffering, the Noble Truth of the origin of suffering, the Noble Truth of the cessation of suffering, and the Noble Truth of the way leading to the cessation of suffering.
业（Kamma） : 行为造作。可分为三种业：身业、口业与意业。我们通过动机（思心所），可造作善业或恶业。当因缘成熟时，业力会带来果报。善业将会招来善报及导致投生善道；恶业将会招来恶报及导致投生恶道。
Kamma: Action. There are three kinds of kamma: bodily kamma (kāya-kamma), verbal kamma (vacī-kamma), and mental kamma (mano-kamma). We create kamma through intentions (cetanā), that can be wholesome or unwholesome. When there are suitable conditions, these kamma will cause future results. Wholesome kamma will cause good results (vipāka) and rebirths in good destinations, while unwholesome kamma will cause bad results and rebirths in bad destinations.
辟支佛（Paccekabuddha）: 辟支佛在佛陀与其佛法住世时是不会出现的，他们只出现在没有佛陀与佛法住世的时期。佛陀无师自通地觉悟四圣谛及有能力教导他人觉悟。虽然辟支佛也是无师自通地觉悟了四圣谛，但是他没有证得一切知智和十力智等等。因此，辟支佛只能教导他人布施、持戒、禅修等等，却无法教导他人觉悟。
Paccekabuddha: Paccekabuddhas do not appear at the time of appearance of Omniscient Buddha and His dispensation. They only appear when Omniscient Buddha and His dispensation no longer exist. Omniscient Buddha realises the Four Noble Truths by himself and is able to teach others to be enlightened. Although Paccekabuddha also realises the Four Noble Truths by himself, but he does not achieve Omniscience and the Ten Powers (Dasabalañāṇa) etc. Therefore, Paccekabuddha can only teach others to do dāna (almsgiving), keep precepts, meditate and etc., but cannot enlighten others.
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佛陀在慈爱经里说：“要正直，非常正直”。菩萨在圆满十波罗蜜以成就佛果的每一期生命里，五戒的其中一戒是他永不犯的，甚至在他生死关头也不犯。是哪一条戒？那就是不妄语戒。由于“非常正直” 的力量，菩萨(或佛陀)以真实语而发的愿，往往都会实现。
诚实、正直、非常正直，说真实的话。守信用是很重要的，这样讲出的话会很有力量，而且会得到别人的信任。
另一方面，在这个故事里，贪婪的商人(提婆达多的前世)因为严重的贪婪，蒙蔽了真相，误以为是菩萨偷了属于他的金碗。由于这个错误的观念，使他在无数世的生命里，都对菩萨(或佛陀)不满，一直不停地伤害和对抗菩萨(或佛陀)。直到提婆达多临终时，他才后醒觉到佛陀对他的慈爱，犹如佛陀对自己儿子罗睺罗一样。当时，他想去顶礼佛陀，向佛陀乞求忏悔，但已来不及了。
所以，我们要避免生气别人，生气会令自己无法看到真相，也容易误会别人。
备注：佛陀预言，在遥远的未来，提婆达多将成为辟支佛。因此，提婆达多尊者的故事给了我们珍贵的教育启发，我们仍应当对尊者生起恭敬之心。
The Buddha said in the Mettasuttaṁ (Discourse on Loving-kindness): "Be upright, very upright." In each stage of The Buddha's lives, he fulfilled the Ten Perfections (Pāramī) to achieve Buddhahood. There was one precept out of the five that he had never violated, even when his life was being threatened. Which precept was it? This precept was the precept that tells us not to lie. Due to the power of righteousness, the wishes of the Bodhisatta (or Buddha) made out of truthfulness were often fulfilled.
Be honest, upright, very upright, and speak the truth. Keeping one's word is very important. In this way, what you say will be powerful and will gain the trust of others.
On the other hand, in this story, the greedy merchant (Devadatta in his previous life) was blinded by the truth because of his serious greed. He mistakenly thought that the Bodhisatta stole the gold bowl that belonged to him. Because of this, he became dissatisfied with the Bodhisatta (or the Buddha) throughout his countless lives, and had been hurting and confronting the Bodhisatta (or Buddha) continuously. It was until then, when Devadatta was in his near death that he realized the Buddha's loving kindness for him, and that the Buddha treated him just like his (the Buddha's) son, Rahula. At that time, he wished to pay respect to the Buddha, and to ask for forgiveness but it was too late.
Therefore, we must avoid getting angry with others. Being angry will make it difficult for us to see the truth, and this causes us to easily misunderstand others.
Remarks: The Buddha predicted that, in the distant future, Devadatta will become a Paccekabuddha. Thus, the stories of Venerable Devadatta gave us precious lessons. We shall still hold due respect to Venerable.
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Be honest, upright, very upright, and speak the truth. Keeping one's word is very important. In this way, what you say will be powerful and will gain the trust of others.
Illustrated by Sudassi Yeu
Designed by Ong Chong Sai
Retold by Sudassi Yeu
Proofread by Joanne Soo & Chan Zhi Hong
一时，佛陀在舍卫城（Sāvatthī），为一个放弃努力禅修的比丘讲了一个故事。
Designed by Ong Chong Sai
Retold by Sudassi Yeu
Proofread by Joanne Soo & Chan Zhi Hong
一时，佛陀在舍卫城（Sāvatthī），为一个放弃努力禅修的比丘讲了一个故事。
At Sāvatthī, the Buddha once told a story to a bhikkhu who had stopped working hard at his meditation.
佛陀说：“比丘啊！你为了修学佛法而出家，如果你放弃努力，你将会像那个丧失金碗的贪婪商人那样，长久地承受痛苦。”
The Buddha said, “Bhikkhu, you became a monk to practice the Dhamma. If you stop working hard, you will suffer for a long time, like the greedy merchant who lost a gold bowl.”
比丘们恳请佛陀说明其因缘。
The bhikkhus earnestly requested the Buddha to explain the cause.
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距今大约有五劫以前，在赛利瓦（Seriva）王国，菩萨投生为一位行贩商人。
Five eons ago, in the kingdom of Seriva, the Bodhisatta was reborn as a street merchant.
城里还有另一个贪婪的行贩商人。有一天，他俩一同渡过奈拉瓦哈（Telavāha）河。Another greedy man was also a street merchant in the city. One day, they both crossed the river Telavāha together.
他们一同进入安达普拉市（Andhapura），各自沿着自己规划的不同街道，开始叫卖商品。
他们一同进入安达普拉市（Andhapura），各自沿着自己规划的不同街道，开始叫卖商品。
They walked into the city of Andhapura together, and began selling their goods along the different streets that were assigned to them.
城里有一对祖孙，二人相依为命。她们曾是富裕家庭的一份子，但由于家道中落，现已零落贫穷不堪。
In that city, there were a girl and her grandmother. They were once a part of a family of rich merchants, but now they were alone and very poor.
城里有一对祖孙，二人相依为命。她们曾是富裕家庭的一份子，但由于家道中落，现已零落贫穷不堪。
In that city, there were a girl and her grandmother. They were once a part of a family of rich merchants, but now they were alone and very poor.
她们依靠一些帮佣打杂来维持生活。
They earned their living by doing odd jobs.
在她们家里有一个金茶碗被遗弃在杂物之中，从未用过，已经积满尘埃。
In their house, there was a bowl made of gold and it had been thrown into a pile of pots and pans. The gold bowl was now dirty and covered in dust.
They earned their living by doing odd jobs.
在她们家里有一个金茶碗被遗弃在杂物之中，从未用过，已经积满尘埃。
In their house, there was a bowl made of gold and it had been thrown into a pile of pots and pans. The gold bowl was now dirty and covered in dust.
祖孙二人并不知道那碗是金制的。
The girl and her grandmother did not know it was made of gold.
一天，贪婪的商人来到这条街道，叫卖着：“卖水壶！卖宝石啊！”
That day, the greedy merchant came to their street, yelling, “Water pots for sale! Gems for sale! ”
The girl and her grandmother did not know it was made of gold.
一天，贪婪的商人来到这条街道，叫卖着：“卖水壶！卖宝石啊！”
That day, the greedy merchant came to their street, yelling, “Water pots for sale! Gems for sale! ”
“请快来看呐！” 来到祖孙二人的家门口。
“Please come and take a look!” He came to the house of the girl and her grandmother.
“Please come and take a look!” He came to the house of the girl and her grandmother.
孙女见到商人，向阿嫲请求道：“阿嫲！买一串珠宝饰品给我，可以吗？”
The girl saw the merchant, and she asked her grandmother, “Grandmother, would you please buy me a piece of jewelry?”
阿嫲说：”我们这么贫穷，用什么来交换珠宝呢？”
The grandmother said, “We are so poor. What can we use to exchange for jewelry?”
孙女说道：”阿嫲，我们有一个旧茶碗一直放着没用，就把这个给他，看能换个什么好东西吧！”
The girl said, “Here grandmother, we have an old bowl that we never use. Let us offer it to the merchant in exchange for something nice.”
于是，阿嫲请商人进入屋里，把那茶碗给他看，并说道：“先生，请用这碗给我的孙女换点好的东西吧！”
So, the old woman asked the merchant to come into the house and said to him, “Sir, take this bowl, and please give my granddaughter something nice for it.”
商人拿起茶碗，用针在碗底刮了一下，发现它是纯金打造的。
The merchant took the bowl, made a tiny scratch on it and saw that it was real gold.
商人心里想：“她们不识货，不知道这碗是金制的，干脆欺骗她们。”
Then he thought to himself, “They don’t know this bowl is made from real gold. I will trick them!”
他对阿嫲说道：“这碗又脏又旧一点也不值钱。我不会换给你任何东西的！”
He said to the grandmother, “This dirty old bowl is worth nothing. I won’t give you anything for it!”
他对阿嫲说道：“这碗又脏又旧一点也不值钱。我不会换给你任何东西的！”
He said to the grandmother, “This dirty old bowl is worth nothing. I won’t give you anything for it!”
商人说罢，把碗丢在地上扬长而去，心里盘算着待会儿再回来免费获取这个金碗。
Then the merchant threw the bowl on the ground and left the house, thinking that he would come back later to get the bowl for free.
没过多久，也是商人的菩萨，也来到这个街道售卖他的物品。
After a short while, the Bodhisatta, who was also a merchant, came to the same street to sell his goods.
菩萨与第一个商人有预先约定，他们可以到另一人兜售过的街道去做买卖。于是，菩萨也来到祖孙二人的家门口，叫卖着：“卖水壶和宝石！我有漂亮的珠宝。请来看看！”
The Bodhisatta and the first merchant had agreed beforehand that each of them could sell on the street that the other had tried. So, the Bodhisatta came to the grandmother's house, calling, “Water pots and gems for sale! I have beautiful gems. Come and have a look!”
孙女又请求阿嫲向商人换取一些好东西。
Once again, the little girl asked her grandmother to get something nice from the merchant.
可是阿嫲说：”我亲爱的孙女，刚才来的那位商人，把碗扔在地上就走了。我们没有其他东西可换了。”
But her grandmother said, “My dear, the first merchant threw our bowl on the ground. We have nothing left to offer.”
孙女回答道：”阿嫲，第一位商人出口恶言。这位商人温文儒雅，看起来像个好人，可能他愿意接受我们的茶碗呢！”
The girl replied to her grandmother, “Oh grandmother, the first merchant was mean. This second merchant looks like a kind man and speaks gently. Perhaps he will take our bowl.”
于是，阿嫲邀请菩萨进入屋里，给他看那茶碗。
So, the grandmother invited the Bodhisatta into the house and showed him the bowl.
“哇！这是金茶碗，值十万金呐！。我手头上没有和这茶碗等值的物品，买不起你们的金碗啊！” 菩萨对阿嫲说道。
“Wow! This bowl is real gold. It is worth a hundred thousand pieces of gold. I have nothing that can match the value of your bowl. I can’t buy your gold bowl!” The Bodhisatta said to the grandmother.
阿嫲回答道：
The grandmother replied,
没过多久，也是商人的菩萨，也来到这个街道售卖他的物品。
After a short while, the Bodhisatta, who was also a merchant, came to the same street to sell his goods.
菩萨与第一个商人有预先约定，他们可以到另一人兜售过的街道去做买卖。于是，菩萨也来到祖孙二人的家门口，叫卖着：“卖水壶和宝石！我有漂亮的珠宝。请来看看！”
The Bodhisatta and the first merchant had agreed beforehand that each of them could sell on the street that the other had tried. So, the Bodhisatta came to the grandmother's house, calling, “Water pots and gems for sale! I have beautiful gems. Come and have a look!”
孙女又请求阿嫲向商人换取一些好东西。
Once again, the little girl asked her grandmother to get something nice from the merchant.
可是阿嫲说：”我亲爱的孙女，刚才来的那位商人，把碗扔在地上就走了。我们没有其他东西可换了。”
But her grandmother said, “My dear, the first merchant threw our bowl on the ground. We have nothing left to offer.”
孙女回答道：”阿嫲，第一位商人出口恶言。这位商人温文儒雅，看起来像个好人，可能他愿意接受我们的茶碗呢！”
The girl replied to her grandmother, “Oh grandmother, the first merchant was mean. This second merchant looks like a kind man and speaks gently. Perhaps he will take our bowl.”
于是，阿嫲邀请菩萨进入屋里，给他看那茶碗。
So, the grandmother invited the Bodhisatta into the house and showed him the bowl.
“哇！这是金茶碗，值十万金呐！。我手头上没有和这茶碗等值的物品，买不起你们的金碗啊！” 菩萨对阿嫲说道。
“Wow! This bowl is real gold. It is worth a hundred thousand pieces of gold. I have nothing that can match the value of your bowl. I can’t buy your gold bowl!” The Bodhisatta said to the grandmother.
阿嫲回答道：
The grandmother replied,
“先生！刚才那位商人把碗扔在地上，说它一文不值。现在你说这是金做的，一定是你的善心使它变成了金碗。这碗你就拿去吧，送我们一点东西就可以了。”
“Please sir, the first merchant threw our bowl on the ground and said it was worthless. The bowl must have turned into gold because of your good heart. Take the bowl and give us something.”
于是，菩萨把他身上所有的物品都给了阿嫲，只留了他的秤、袋子和八个金币。
So, the Bodhisatta gave the grandmother everything he had, only keeping his scales, his bag and eight pieces of gold for himself.
然后他便匆匆离开。他跑到河边，给了船夫八个金币便登上船离去。
Then, he left in a hurry. He ran to the riverside, gave the boatman eight pieces of gold and got into a boat.
与此同时，那个贪婪的商人折回到贫穷祖孙的家里，说愿意以一些东西来换取那个茶碗。阿嫲责备他道：
Meanwhile, back at the poor family’s house, the first greedy merchant had come back to ask for the bowl, saying he would give them something. The grandmother shouted at him,
“你说我们的碗一点也不值钱，你不会用任何东西换它。但来了一位诚实的商人，给了我们一千金换走了茶碗！”
“You said our bowl had no value and that you wouldn’t give us anything for it. But an honest merchant came and gave us a thousand pieces of gold for it!”
贪婪的商人伤心地大声嚷道：“我失去了价值十万金的金茶碗啊，就是那个商人把我的金碗偷走了！”
The greedy merchant became very sad and cried, “I have lost the gold bowl worth 100,000 pieces of gold! The second merchant stole it from me!”
贪婪的商人无法压制自己的愤怒，把所有的货品丢在门口，然后像疯了一样，脱光了身上所有的衣服，拿起一个秤杆当做武器。
贪婪的商人伤心地大声嚷道：“我失去了价值十万金的金茶碗啊，就是那个商人把我的金碗偷走了！”
The greedy merchant became very sad and cried, “I have lost the gold bowl worth 100,000 pieces of gold! The second merchant stole it from me!”
贪婪的商人无法压制自己的愤怒，把所有的货品丢在门口，然后像疯了一样，脱光了身上所有的衣服，拿起一个秤杆当做武器。
The greedy merchant couldn’t control his anger, and threw away all his goods at their door. Then, becoming crazy, he took off all his clothes, and picked up the stick from his scales to use as a weapon.
他飞快地跑到河边，想逮住菩萨，但只见菩萨已乘船渡河而去。他对船夫大声嚷道：“喂，把船驶回来啊！”
He quickly ran all the way to the river to try and catch the Bodhisatta, but he saw that the Bodhisatta was already in a boat crossing the river. He screamed to the boatman, “Bring the boat back!”
可是菩萨吩咐船夫继续渡河。
他飞快地跑到河边，想逮住菩萨，但只见菩萨已乘船渡河而去。他对船夫大声嚷道：“喂，把船驶回来啊！”
He quickly ran all the way to the river to try and catch the Bodhisatta, but he saw that the Bodhisatta was already in a boat crossing the river. He screamed to the boatman, “Bring the boat back!”
可是菩萨吩咐船夫继续渡河。
But the Bodhisatta told the boatman to continue crossing the river.
当贪婪的商人眼睁睁地看着菩萨越走越远，气愤得胸口发热，口吐鲜血。
When the greedy merchant saw the Bodhisatta going further and further away, he became so angry and sad that his heart grew hot and blood came out of his mouth.
他对菩萨憎恨极了，恨得心脏爆裂，当场身亡。
当贪婪的商人眼睁睁地看着菩萨越走越远，气愤得胸口发热，口吐鲜血。
When the greedy merchant saw the Bodhisatta going further and further away, he became so angry and sad that his heart grew hot and blood came out of his mouth.
他对菩萨憎恨极了，恨得心脏爆裂，当场身亡。
He hated the Bodhisatta so much that his heart exploded and he died instantly.
（这就是提婆达多第一次怨恨菩萨，而此积怨一直生生世世，延续无数世的生命。）
(This was the first time Devadatta felt grudge and hatred toward the Bodhisatta and it continued throughout countless lives.)
相反，菩萨在他有生之年作种种善行和布施。最终，也随着自己所作的业而投生下一世生命。
On the contrary, the Bodhisatta, after spending the rest of his life doing good deeds and being generous, thereafter passed away according to his kamma.
(This was the first time Devadatta felt grudge and hatred toward the Bodhisatta and it continued throughout countless lives.)
相反，菩萨在他有生之年作种种善行和布施。最终，也随着自己所作的业而投生下一世生命。
On the contrary, the Bodhisatta, after spending the rest of his life doing good deeds and being generous, thereafter passed away according to his kamma.
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故事说完，正等正觉的佛陀，念出以下的偈颂：
At the end of the story, the Buddha, the All-Knowing One, said:
“若在此世，你放弃追随寂静涅槃乐的修行，您将失去丰厚的奖赏，犹如贪婪的商人般承受长久的痛苦。”
“If in this life, you give up your practice toward achieving enlightenment, you will lose a great prize and suffer for a long time like the greedy merchant.”
佛陀最后以阐释四圣谛结束此开示。听完开示后，那位灰心的比丘证得了最上的阿罗汉果。
佛陀最后以阐释四圣谛结束此开示。听完开示后，那位灰心的比丘证得了最上的阿罗汉果。
The Buddha finished his lesson by teaching the Four Noble Truths. After hearing this, the discouraged bhikkhu became an Arahat.
接着，导师叙述了这两个故事，把它们连接贯穿起来后，解说道：“在那个时候，贪婪的商人是提婆达多，而诚实的商人正是我。”
Then the Teacher, relating the two stories, putting them together and connecting them, showed that, “At that time, Devadatta was the greedy merchant, and I myself was the honest merchant.”
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接着，导师叙述了这两个故事，把它们连接贯穿起来后，解说道：“在那个时候，贪婪的商人是提婆达多，而诚实的商人正是我。”
Then the Teacher, relating the two stories, putting them together and connecting them, showed that, “At that time, Devadatta was the greedy merchant, and I myself was the honest merchant.”
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词汇表 Glossary
劫（Eon）：很久很久的时间。比方说，有一块长一由旬，宽一由旬，高一由旬的巨大岩石。每隔一百年就有个人用丝绸布把这块岩石轻轻擦拭一下，等大岩山被擦磨直到遍尽、耗尽，而一劫还没结束。Eon (aka Aeon): A long period of time. Let us say, there was a huge rock of one solid mass which was one yojana long, one yojana wide and one yojana high, and in every hundred years, a man would rub it with a piece of silk. Then, that huge rock would wear off and disappear quicker than an aeon.
阿罗汉（Arahat）：值得尊敬的人（堪受诸人与天人尊敬供养）；他的心已没有种种污秽（lobha-贪, dosa-嗔, moha-痴之烦恼）；断除了一切欲望的束缚；因而在那一生之后，不会再有下一世的投生（解脱生死不受后有）。
Arahat (aka Arahant): is a worthy one, whose mind is free from all defilements (lobha-greed, dosa-hatred, moha-delusion), who is free from the bonds of desire, thus not destined for any further rebirth, after that very life.
比丘（Bhikkhu）：佛教僧人，依法（经、论）和律而活的出家人。
Bhikkhu: a Buddhist monk; who ordains and lives according to the Dhamma (Sutta, Abhidhamma) and Vinaya.
阿罗汉（Arahat）：值得尊敬的人（堪受诸人与天人尊敬供养）；他的心已没有种种污秽（lobha-贪, dosa-嗔, moha-痴之烦恼）；断除了一切欲望的束缚；因而在那一生之后，不会再有下一世的投生（解脱生死不受后有）。
Arahat (aka Arahant): is a worthy one, whose mind is free from all defilements (lobha-greed, dosa-hatred, moha-delusion), who is free from the bonds of desire, thus not destined for any further rebirth, after that very life.
比丘（Bhikkhu）：佛教僧人，依法（经、论）和律而活的出家人。
Bhikkhu: a Buddhist monk; who ordains and lives according to the Dhamma (Sutta, Abhidhamma) and Vinaya.
菩萨（Bodhisatta） : 已被过去佛授记的未来佛。
Bodhisatta: is the Buddha-to-be, prophesized by another Buddha.
提婆达多（Devadatta）：佛陀的表亲之一。他与其他释迦族王子一起出家为比丘。他与佛陀竞争，几次试图杀害佛陀，还分裂僧团。最终，他被大地吞没，堕入地狱。提婆达多对菩萨产生强烈仇恨的起源记载于本生经第三个故事里。佛陀授记（预言）提婆达多未来将成为辟支佛。
Devadatta: One of the Buddha’s cousins. He became a bhikkhu along with the other Sakyan princes. He competed with the Buddha, and tried to kill Him several times. He also created a schism in the Sangha. Finally, he was swallowed by the earth and fell into hell. The origin of the implacable enmity which Devadatta felt toward the Bodhisatta is related in Jātaka 3. The Buddha prophesized (predicted) that, in the distant future, Devadatta will become a Pacceka Buddha.
四圣谛：苦圣谛、苦集圣谛、苦灭圣谛、灭苦之道圣谛。
Four Noble Truths: The Noble Truth of suffering, the Noble Truth of the origin of suffering, the Noble Truth of the cessation of suffering, and the Noble Truth of the way leading to the cessation of suffering.
业（Kamma） : 行为造作。可分为三种业：身业、口业与意业。我们通过动机（思心所），可造作善业或恶业。当因缘成熟时，业力会带来果报。善业将会招来善报及导致投生善道；恶业将会招来恶报及导致投生恶道。
Kamma: Action. There are three kinds of kamma: bodily kamma (kāya-kamma), verbal kamma (vacī-kamma), and mental kamma (mano-kamma). We create kamma through intentions (cetanā), that can be wholesome or unwholesome. When there are suitable conditions, these kamma will cause future results. Wholesome kamma will cause good results (vipāka) and rebirths in good destinations, while unwholesome kamma will cause bad results and rebirths in bad destinations.
辟支佛（Paccekabuddha）: 辟支佛在佛陀与其佛法住世时是不会出现的，他们只出现在没有佛陀与佛法住世的时期。佛陀无师自通地觉悟四圣谛及有能力教导他人觉悟。虽然辟支佛也是无师自通地觉悟了四圣谛，但是他没有证得一切知智和十力智等等。因此，辟支佛只能教导他人布施、持戒、禅修等等，却无法教导他人觉悟。
Paccekabuddha: Paccekabuddhas do not appear at the time of appearance of Omniscient Buddha and His dispensation. They only appear when Omniscient Buddha and His dispensation no longer exist. Omniscient Buddha realises the Four Noble Truths by himself and is able to teach others to be enlightened. Although Paccekabuddha also realises the Four Noble Truths by himself, but he does not achieve Omniscience and the Ten Powers (Dasabalañāṇa) etc. Therefore, Paccekabuddha can only teach others to do dāna (almsgiving), keep precepts, meditate and etc., but cannot enlighten others.
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教师指南
课程提示
这个故事让我们了解到，贪婪和诚实之人遭遇的结果是不一样的。佛陀在慈爱经里说：“要正直，非常正直”。菩萨在圆满十波罗蜜以成就佛果的每一期生命里，五戒的其中一戒是他永不犯的，甚至在他生死关头也不犯。是哪一条戒？那就是不妄语戒。由于“非常正直” 的力量，菩萨(或佛陀)以真实语而发的愿，往往都会实现。
诚实、正直、非常正直，说真实的话。守信用是很重要的，这样讲出的话会很有力量，而且会得到别人的信任。
另一方面，在这个故事里，贪婪的商人(提婆达多的前世)因为严重的贪婪，蒙蔽了真相，误以为是菩萨偷了属于他的金碗。由于这个错误的观念，使他在无数世的生命里，都对菩萨(或佛陀)不满，一直不停地伤害和对抗菩萨(或佛陀)。直到提婆达多临终时，他才后醒觉到佛陀对他的慈爱，犹如佛陀对自己儿子罗睺罗一样。当时，他想去顶礼佛陀，向佛陀乞求忏悔，但已来不及了。
所以，我们要避免生气别人，生气会令自己无法看到真相，也容易误会别人。
备注：佛陀预言，在遥远的未来，提婆达多将成为辟支佛。因此，提婆达多尊者的故事给了我们珍贵的教育启发，我们仍应当对尊者生起恭敬之心。
Teacher’s Guide
Lesson:
This story has taught us that the end results of encountering greedy and honest people are different.The Buddha said in the Mettasuttaṁ (Discourse on Loving-kindness): "Be upright, very upright." In each stage of The Buddha's lives, he fulfilled the Ten Perfections (Pāramī) to achieve Buddhahood. There was one precept out of the five that he had never violated, even when his life was being threatened. Which precept was it? This precept was the precept that tells us not to lie. Due to the power of righteousness, the wishes of the Bodhisatta (or Buddha) made out of truthfulness were often fulfilled.
Be honest, upright, very upright, and speak the truth. Keeping one's word is very important. In this way, what you say will be powerful and will gain the trust of others.
On the other hand, in this story, the greedy merchant (Devadatta in his previous life) was blinded by the truth because of his serious greed. He mistakenly thought that the Bodhisatta stole the gold bowl that belonged to him. Because of this, he became dissatisfied with the Bodhisatta (or the Buddha) throughout his countless lives, and had been hurting and confronting the Bodhisatta (or Buddha) continuously. It was until then, when Devadatta was in his near death that he realized the Buddha's loving kindness for him, and that the Buddha treated him just like his (the Buddha's) son, Rahula. At that time, he wished to pay respect to the Buddha, and to ask for forgiveness but it was too late.
Therefore, we must avoid getting angry with others. Being angry will make it difficult for us to see the truth, and this causes us to easily misunderstand others.
Remarks: The Buddha predicted that, in the distant future, Devadatta will become a Paccekabuddha. Thus, the stories of Venerable Devadatta gave us precious lessons. We shall still hold due respect to Venerable.
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省思 Reflection
诚实、正直、非常正直，说真实的话。守信用是很重要的，这样讲出的话会很有力量，而且会得到别人的信任。Be honest, upright, very upright, and speak the truth. Keeping one's word is very important. In this way, what you say will be powerful and will gain the trust of others.
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